Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Introduction
Human papillomavirus (HPV) are a group of viruses that can be found throughout the world. Over 100 different types of the virus exist and, of those, about 20 types are known to cause cervical cancer in women.
Human papillomavirus can infect other parts of the body in both men and women and cause anal cancers, genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP)
The Illness
HPV is commonly transmitted via skin-to-skin contact usually during sexual contact. Genital HPV can also be spread in the absence of penetrative sex (i.e. oral sex), and by non-sexual routes such as vertical transmission (mother to baby).
Genital HPV infections are common and are usually self-limiting. Persistent genital infection can cause pre cancerous lesions which if left untreated can go on to cause cervical cancer in women.
Treatment
There is no specific treatment available for HPV.
Recommendations for Travellers
Travel itself does not increase the risk of exposure to HPV. The HPV vaccination programme is currently being rolled out in the UK from the 1st September 2008 and is aimed primarily at girls aged between 12-13 years. The vaccination is intended only for use in girls and young women to prevent diseases caused by HPV.
A vaccination catch up programme for girls aged 14- 18 years will commence in 2009.
Travellers should be given information about the risks of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections. Condoms may not offer complete protection against HPV.